Because the yoke buckle oil casing is shaped like a ladder, it is called a stepped oil casing pipe, which is one of the commonly used buckle shapes for oil casings.
The ladder ladder oil casing is abbreviated as btc ladder ladder oil casing. It is mainly used for supporting the well wall during and after drilling to ensure the drilling process and the normal operation of the entire well after completion. The casing of the casing offset buckle oil casing is bundled with steel wire or steel belt.
According to different well conditions and different depths of geological conditions, different grades of ladder-type oil casings are selected. The casing itself is also required to have corrosion resistance in a corrosive environment. The formula for calculating the weight is: [(outer diameter - wall thickness) * wall thickness] * 0.02466 = kg / m (weight per meter), the main materials include J55, K55, N80, L80, C90, T95, P110, Q125, V150. The advantages of the trapezoidal thread profile increase the resistance to axial and axial compression loads and provide leakage resistance.
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2019年11月20日星期三
2019年11月19日星期二
Ultrasonic inspection of thin wall tubing
Ultrasonic inspection of thin wall tubing is as follows:
(1) Detection method. Ultrasonic inspection of thin wall tubing is mainly carried out by automatic detection. The forms are:
① The probe is fixed, and the steel pipe is spirally advanced by the mechanical transmission device, so that the probe moves relative to the axis of the pipe. A single-wafer water immersion line focusing probe and a single-channel A-type pulse reflection ultrasonic flaw detector are usually used to detect the longitudinal (distribution along the axis of the tube) defects in the inner and outer walls of the tube.
② The pipe is rotated by the mechanical transmission equipment. The probe is driven by the drive trolley to move at a uniform speed along the axis of the pipe. The probes, instruments and detection defects used are the same as ①.
③ While the probe is rotating, the pipe is fed straight by the mechanical transmission equipment. Generally, multiple probes with different functions and different forms are used. The multi-channel ultrasonic flaw detector is used to simultaneously detect the longitudinal, lateral and layer defects of the inner and outer walls of the pipe. At the same time, the wall thickness of the tube is measured and the ellipticity is checked.
The detection method has a high degree of automation, and can simultaneously detect multi-directional defects, and can be combined with a micro-processor or an automatic multi-recorder for automatic print recording, quality sorting and the like.
(2) Detection frequency. Due to the thin wall thickness of the tube and the small size for effective pairing. The defects are detected and generally use a frequency of 5 MHz or higher.
(3) Acoustic coupling.
Regardless of the detection method used, water-treated water is used as a coupling agent in the ultrasonic testing of small-diameter thin-walled tubes. The basic requirement is to ensure that the water is sufficiently wetted on the surface of the steel pipe without generating blisters and reducing the corrosion of water on the steel pipe material.
(4) Acoustic wave incident angle adjustment.
① Horizontal offset method: the axis of the probe is adjusted parallel to the central axis OP of the tube, and the distance from the OP-segment is translated, which is called the eccentricity X (determined by the incident angle of the acoustic wave), so that the sound wave is inclined to the surface of the tube. After being refracted, it is transmitted inside the pipe material and is guaranteed to reach the inner wall of the pipe.
② Deflection method: the axis of the probe coincides with the central axis OP of the tube, and the pivot point on the probe is deflected by a certain angle, so that the sound wave is inclined to the surface of the pipe, and is refracted and transmitted to the inside of the pipe material.
(1) Detection method. Ultrasonic inspection of thin wall tubing is mainly carried out by automatic detection. The forms are:
① The probe is fixed, and the steel pipe is spirally advanced by the mechanical transmission device, so that the probe moves relative to the axis of the pipe. A single-wafer water immersion line focusing probe and a single-channel A-type pulse reflection ultrasonic flaw detector are usually used to detect the longitudinal (distribution along the axis of the tube) defects in the inner and outer walls of the tube.
② The pipe is rotated by the mechanical transmission equipment. The probe is driven by the drive trolley to move at a uniform speed along the axis of the pipe. The probes, instruments and detection defects used are the same as ①.
③ While the probe is rotating, the pipe is fed straight by the mechanical transmission equipment. Generally, multiple probes with different functions and different forms are used. The multi-channel ultrasonic flaw detector is used to simultaneously detect the longitudinal, lateral and layer defects of the inner and outer walls of the pipe. At the same time, the wall thickness of the tube is measured and the ellipticity is checked.
The detection method has a high degree of automation, and can simultaneously detect multi-directional defects, and can be combined with a micro-processor or an automatic multi-recorder for automatic print recording, quality sorting and the like.
(2) Detection frequency. Due to the thin wall thickness of the tube and the small size for effective pairing. The defects are detected and generally use a frequency of 5 MHz or higher.
(3) Acoustic coupling.
Regardless of the detection method used, water-treated water is used as a coupling agent in the ultrasonic testing of small-diameter thin-walled tubes. The basic requirement is to ensure that the water is sufficiently wetted on the surface of the steel pipe without generating blisters and reducing the corrosion of water on the steel pipe material.
(4) Acoustic wave incident angle adjustment.
① Horizontal offset method: the axis of the probe is adjusted parallel to the central axis OP of the tube, and the distance from the OP-segment is translated, which is called the eccentricity X (determined by the incident angle of the acoustic wave), so that the sound wave is inclined to the surface of the tube. After being refracted, it is transmitted inside the pipe material and is guaranteed to reach the inner wall of the pipe.
② Deflection method: the axis of the probe coincides with the central axis OP of the tube, and the pivot point on the probe is deflected by a certain angle, so that the sound wave is inclined to the surface of the pipe, and is refracted and transmitted to the inside of the pipe material.
Tensile strength and yield strength
Tensile strength and yield strength are two important mechanical properties of metal materials. These two indices are closely related to the fatigue-resistant manufacturing and the service life of components.
Tensile strength is an index of mechanical properties of a metal material obtained by a uniaxial tensile test. Tensile strength represents the ability of a metal material to resist deformation and damage under external forces. Tensile strength = breaking load / initial cross-sectional area of the specimen.
When the metal has obvious plastic deformation, the cross-sectional area used in the calculation should be the true cross-sectional area measured after the break, and the obtained tensile strength is called the true tensile strength.
This tensile strength index is an index against the maximum deformation ability. In other words, when the deformation reaches this level, the material is broken, and under the condition of uniaxial stretching, no larger deformation can be found. It is a limit and is specific. The tensile sample can withstand the limits of the applied load and is therefore called Ultimate Tensile Strength.
Yield strength is also one of the important mechanical properties of metal materials. The yield strength represents the resistance of the metal material to the initial plastic deformation, and its English expression is Yield strength. In fact, this is not completely accurate, because some metal materials have obvious yield points on the tensile curve, while other metal materials have no obvious yield point, especially for some materials with uneven microstructure. Therefore, it is necessary to artificially define the corresponding yield resistance strength when the plastic deformation is to a certain extent. In fact, before the artificially defined plastic deformation value, the slip of the internal driving force of the metal has started, so it cannot accurately reflect the plastic deformation. Start.
There is also a parameter about yield strength and tensile strength, this parameter is the yield ratio! The yield ratio is the ratio of yield strength to tensile strength. The range is between 0 and 1. The yield ratio is one of the indicators for measuring the brittleness of steel. The greater the yield ratio, the smaller the difference between the yield strength and the tensile strength of the steel, the worse the plasticity of the steel and the greater the brittleness!
The destruction of the material begins with the yield point. The lower the yield ratio, the longer the material will break from the beginning to the fracture, and the higher the yield ratio, the shorter the time from the onset of the material to the fracture. The energy is converted into heat energy between the yield point and the break point.
Simply saying that the yield strength is high or the tensile strength is high, then the material is necessarily better or safer. Only steels with high yield strength and low yield ratio are safer.
Tensile strength is an index of mechanical properties of a metal material obtained by a uniaxial tensile test. Tensile strength represents the ability of a metal material to resist deformation and damage under external forces. Tensile strength = breaking load / initial cross-sectional area of the specimen.
When the metal has obvious plastic deformation, the cross-sectional area used in the calculation should be the true cross-sectional area measured after the break, and the obtained tensile strength is called the true tensile strength.
This tensile strength index is an index against the maximum deformation ability. In other words, when the deformation reaches this level, the material is broken, and under the condition of uniaxial stretching, no larger deformation can be found. It is a limit and is specific. The tensile sample can withstand the limits of the applied load and is therefore called Ultimate Tensile Strength.
Yield strength is also one of the important mechanical properties of metal materials. The yield strength represents the resistance of the metal material to the initial plastic deformation, and its English expression is Yield strength. In fact, this is not completely accurate, because some metal materials have obvious yield points on the tensile curve, while other metal materials have no obvious yield point, especially for some materials with uneven microstructure. Therefore, it is necessary to artificially define the corresponding yield resistance strength when the plastic deformation is to a certain extent. In fact, before the artificially defined plastic deformation value, the slip of the internal driving force of the metal has started, so it cannot accurately reflect the plastic deformation. Start.
There is also a parameter about yield strength and tensile strength, this parameter is the yield ratio! The yield ratio is the ratio of yield strength to tensile strength. The range is between 0 and 1. The yield ratio is one of the indicators for measuring the brittleness of steel. The greater the yield ratio, the smaller the difference between the yield strength and the tensile strength of the steel, the worse the plasticity of the steel and the greater the brittleness!
The destruction of the material begins with the yield point. The lower the yield ratio, the longer the material will break from the beginning to the fracture, and the higher the yield ratio, the shorter the time from the onset of the material to the fracture. The energy is converted into heat energy between the yield point and the break point.
Simply saying that the yield strength is high or the tensile strength is high, then the material is necessarily better or safer. Only steels with high yield strength and low yield ratio are safer.
High strength low alloy steel
High-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels, or microalloyed steels, are designed to provide better mechanical properties and/or greater resistance to atmospheric corrosion than conventional carbon steels in the normal sense because they are designed to meet specific mechanical properties rather than a chemical composition.
The HSLA steels have low carbon contents (0.05-0.25% C) in order to produce adequate formability and weldability, and they have manganese contents up to 2.0%. Small quantities of chromium, nickel, molybdenum, copper, nitrogen, vanadium, niobium, titanium and zirconium are used in various combinations.
HSLA Classification:
Weathering steels, designated to exhibit superior atmospheric corrosion resistance.
Control-rolled steels, hot rolled according to a predetermined rolling schedule, designed to develop a highly deformed austenite structure that will transform to a very fine equiaxed ferrite structure on cooling.
Pearlite-reduced steels, strengthened by very fine-grain ferrite and precipitation hardening but with low carbon content and therefore little or no pearlite in the microstructure.
Microalloyed steels, with very small additions of such elements as niobium, vanadium, and/or titanium for refinement of grain size and/or precipitation hardening.
Acicular ferrite steel, very low carbon steels with sufficient hardenability to transform on cooling to a very fine high-strength acicular ferrite structure rather than the usual polygonal ferrite structure.
Dual-phase steels, processed to a micro-structure of ferrite containing small uniformly distributed regions of high-carbon martensite, resulting in a product with low yield strength and a high rate of work hardening, thus providing a high-strength steel of superior formability.
The various types of HSLA steels may also have small additions of calcium, rare earth elements, or zirconium for sulfide inclusion shape control.
The HSLA steels have low carbon contents (0.05-0.25% C) in order to produce adequate formability and weldability, and they have manganese contents up to 2.0%. Small quantities of chromium, nickel, molybdenum, copper, nitrogen, vanadium, niobium, titanium and zirconium are used in various combinations.
HSLA Classification:
Weathering steels, designated to exhibit superior atmospheric corrosion resistance.
Control-rolled steels, hot rolled according to a predetermined rolling schedule, designed to develop a highly deformed austenite structure that will transform to a very fine equiaxed ferrite structure on cooling.
Pearlite-reduced steels, strengthened by very fine-grain ferrite and precipitation hardening but with low carbon content and therefore little or no pearlite in the microstructure.
Microalloyed steels, with very small additions of such elements as niobium, vanadium, and/or titanium for refinement of grain size and/or precipitation hardening.
Acicular ferrite steel, very low carbon steels with sufficient hardenability to transform on cooling to a very fine high-strength acicular ferrite structure rather than the usual polygonal ferrite structure.
Dual-phase steels, processed to a micro-structure of ferrite containing small uniformly distributed regions of high-carbon martensite, resulting in a product with low yield strength and a high rate of work hardening, thus providing a high-strength steel of superior formability.
The various types of HSLA steels may also have small additions of calcium, rare earth elements, or zirconium for sulfide inclusion shape control.
Specification and requirements for marking of seamless steel tubes
In the relevant regulations, there are a series of regulations and requirements for seamless steel pipe marking. The specific requirements for the logo are as follows:
1. The seamless steel pipe manufacturer's logo should be eye-catching, firm, clear, standardized, and not easy to fade.
2. The mark shall include at least the following contents: the name and trademark of the seamless steel pipe manufacturer, the product standard number, the grade of the steel pipe, the product specification and the traceability identification number or telephone number. For precision seamless steel tubes, you can increase the main performance indicators and dimensional precision levels.
Seamless steel pipe marking
3. The standard can be printed, stamped, scrolled, printed, pasted imprint or hang tags, tag and other methods, the supplier can hang one or more signs method.
4. Steel pipes with an outer diameter of not less than 36 mm shall be started at a distance of not less than 200 mm from the end of the seamless steel pipe, and each of the marking methods shall be carried out.
5. For low-pressure fluid seamless steel pipe and thin-walled seamless steel pipe, seamless steel pipe and other general-purpose seamless steel pipe, cross-section seamless steel pipe, complex cross-section seamless steel pipe can not be every mark.
6. Pipe joints of seamless steel pipes for petroleum, gas, 3PE anticorrosion, etc., shall have the grade mark of seamless steel pipe.
7. In the case of a container package, a bracket welding package or a thin-walled seamless steel pipe set. A label or tag should be attached to the seamless steel pipe on the outer layer of the container, bracket, and thin-walled seamless steel pipe.
http://www.xysteelpipe.com/info/Specification-and-requirements-for-marking-of-seamless-steel-tubes-1556-1.htm
1. The seamless steel pipe manufacturer's logo should be eye-catching, firm, clear, standardized, and not easy to fade.
2. The mark shall include at least the following contents: the name and trademark of the seamless steel pipe manufacturer, the product standard number, the grade of the steel pipe, the product specification and the traceability identification number or telephone number. For precision seamless steel tubes, you can increase the main performance indicators and dimensional precision levels.
Seamless steel pipe marking
3. The standard can be printed, stamped, scrolled, printed, pasted imprint or hang tags, tag and other methods, the supplier can hang one or more signs method.
4. Steel pipes with an outer diameter of not less than 36 mm shall be started at a distance of not less than 200 mm from the end of the seamless steel pipe, and each of the marking methods shall be carried out.
5. For low-pressure fluid seamless steel pipe and thin-walled seamless steel pipe, seamless steel pipe and other general-purpose seamless steel pipe, cross-section seamless steel pipe, complex cross-section seamless steel pipe can not be every mark.
6. Pipe joints of seamless steel pipes for petroleum, gas, 3PE anticorrosion, etc., shall have the grade mark of seamless steel pipe.
7. In the case of a container package, a bracket welding package or a thin-walled seamless steel pipe set. A label or tag should be attached to the seamless steel pipe on the outer layer of the container, bracket, and thin-walled seamless steel pipe.
http://www.xysteelpipe.com/info/Specification-and-requirements-for-marking-of-seamless-steel-tubes-1556-1.htm
2019年11月7日星期四
Resistance welding tube process principle
The electric resistance welded pipe (ERW steel pipe) is a method in which a weld is combined and pressure is applied through an electrode, and the electric current is welded by the electric resistance generated by the contact surface of the joint and the adjacent region. When high-frequency currents pass through metal conductors, two strange effects occur: skin effect and proximity effect, high-frequency welding is to use these two effects to weld the steel pipe, these two effects are the basis for achieving high-frequency welding of metal. High-frequency welding uses the skin effect to concentrate the energy of the high-frequency current on the surface of the workpiece; the proximity effect is used to control the position and range of the high-frequency current flow path. The speed of the current is very fast, it can heat, melt and join the adjacent steel plate edges in a short time.
Geometric seamlessness is to remove the internal and external burrs of the ERW steel pipe. Due to the continuous improvement and improvement of the structure and cutter of the inner burr removal system, the removal of the inner burr of the large and medium diameter steel pipe has been well treated. The inner burr can be controlled at about -0.2mm to about 0.5mm.
Physical seamlessness means that there is a difference between the metallographic structure inside the weld and the base metal, which leads to a decrease in the mechanical properties of the weld zone, and measures need to be taken to make it uniform and uniform.
http://www.xysteelpipe.com/info/Resistance-welding-tube-process-principle-1544-1.htm
Geometric seamlessness is to remove the internal and external burrs of the ERW steel pipe. Due to the continuous improvement and improvement of the structure and cutter of the inner burr removal system, the removal of the inner burr of the large and medium diameter steel pipe has been well treated. The inner burr can be controlled at about -0.2mm to about 0.5mm.
Physical seamlessness means that there is a difference between the metallographic structure inside the weld and the base metal, which leads to a decrease in the mechanical properties of the weld zone, and measures need to be taken to make it uniform and uniform.
http://www.xysteelpipe.com/info/Resistance-welding-tube-process-principle-1544-1.htm
The importance of seamless steel tubes in the industrial sector
Seamless steel pipe is a special pipe material, including a wide range of applications. The most common materials are carbon steel and stainless steel. The specifications of replacement products are relatively easy. At present, many seamless steel pipe production , still use the small batch production method, this manufacturing method should be said to be the most common one, the mechanized production mode, to some extent, improve the production efficiency of seamless steel pipe, using the operation mode of the entire production line operation, greatly increase production.
The heating furnace used in the production of seamless steel tubes is a ring-shaped heating furnace. In addition to this type of heating furnace, there are other types of heating furnaces. Depending on the production of seamless steel tubes, there are also differences in specific heating methods.
After the heat treatment is completed, further processing, including straightening, finishing and inspection, is required to ensure that the quality of the seamless steel pipe is maintained at the highest level when it is on the scene, so the inspection steps are essential.
At the same time, the demand for various accessory materials is also increasing, especially for the demand for various pipe materials. Judging from the current market environment, various types of pipe materials are widely used, different types of pipes, and different fields of application. Among them, the most worth mentioning is the seamless steel pipe, which has a very significant advantage. Therefore, the scale of production will continue to expand.
When it comes to quality, the production process and inspection level of seamless steel tubes are also constantly improving. With the introduction of new technologies, both in terms of production efficiency and product quality, there are significant improvements and developments. The development is also a testimony to the success of the industrial sector. Especially in the fields of construction, machinery manufacturing, etc., the role played by seamless steel pipes is also not to be underestimated. In addition, in the field of pipeline transportation, seamless steel pipes also have significant advantages, which can greatly improve transportation safety.
The seamless steel pipe needs to be inspected for its mechanical properties before leaving the factory, especially the tensile strength, yield point, elongation after break and hardness index of the seamless steel pipe, so as to ensure that the seamless steel pipe can be Quality is guaranteed. According to the differences in specific fields of use, there are certain differences in the production process of seamless steel tubes. The more common ones are alloy structure and carbon structure. In the field of pipeline transportation, the utilization rate of seamless steel pipes is very high, because compared with other types of transportation methods, pipeline transportation is not only safe, but also relatively low in cost, so the demand for seamless steel pipe production will be relatively large.
The manufacturer also supplies some seamless steel pipes with special use, such as seamless steel tubes for boilers, seamless steel tubes for geological use, etc. This professionally produced pipe material can be of higher value in the industrial manufacturing field. Depending on the material, the price difference between seamless steel pipes is also great.
http://www.xysteelpipe.com/info/The-importance-of-seamless-steel-tubes-in-the-industrial-sector-1543-1.htm
The heating furnace used in the production of seamless steel tubes is a ring-shaped heating furnace. In addition to this type of heating furnace, there are other types of heating furnaces. Depending on the production of seamless steel tubes, there are also differences in specific heating methods.
After the heat treatment is completed, further processing, including straightening, finishing and inspection, is required to ensure that the quality of the seamless steel pipe is maintained at the highest level when it is on the scene, so the inspection steps are essential.
At the same time, the demand for various accessory materials is also increasing, especially for the demand for various pipe materials. Judging from the current market environment, various types of pipe materials are widely used, different types of pipes, and different fields of application. Among them, the most worth mentioning is the seamless steel pipe, which has a very significant advantage. Therefore, the scale of production will continue to expand.
When it comes to quality, the production process and inspection level of seamless steel tubes are also constantly improving. With the introduction of new technologies, both in terms of production efficiency and product quality, there are significant improvements and developments. The development is also a testimony to the success of the industrial sector. Especially in the fields of construction, machinery manufacturing, etc., the role played by seamless steel pipes is also not to be underestimated. In addition, in the field of pipeline transportation, seamless steel pipes also have significant advantages, which can greatly improve transportation safety.
The seamless steel pipe needs to be inspected for its mechanical properties before leaving the factory, especially the tensile strength, yield point, elongation after break and hardness index of the seamless steel pipe, so as to ensure that the seamless steel pipe can be Quality is guaranteed. According to the differences in specific fields of use, there are certain differences in the production process of seamless steel tubes. The more common ones are alloy structure and carbon structure. In the field of pipeline transportation, the utilization rate of seamless steel pipes is very high, because compared with other types of transportation methods, pipeline transportation is not only safe, but also relatively low in cost, so the demand for seamless steel pipe production will be relatively large.
The manufacturer also supplies some seamless steel pipes with special use, such as seamless steel tubes for boilers, seamless steel tubes for geological use, etc. This professionally produced pipe material can be of higher value in the industrial manufacturing field. Depending on the material, the price difference between seamless steel pipes is also great.
http://www.xysteelpipe.com/info/The-importance-of-seamless-steel-tubes-in-the-industrial-sector-1543-1.htm
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