Solid CRA lined pipes or CRA clad (cladding) pipes are known to be corrosion-resistant that consists of an inner pipe which is also corrosion-resistant and a carbon steel outer pipe which can withstand external and internal pressure. There are various applications of pipes made from CRA material and include subsea pipelines for conveying sour gas and oil, saltwater pipelines, water reinjection systems, process pipes in the chemical industry, salt water pipes and much more.
These CRA lined and clad steel pipes are majorly used as: water injection pipelines, interfield pipelines, riser pipelines, flow-lines
In bonding the CRA material to carbon steel pipe, there are two methods:
1.Metallurgical bond (for CRA Clad (caldding) pipes) – Cladding of plates (metallurgical bond between 2 different metals) is carried out by various operations such as coextrusion, hot rolling, explosive bonding or weld overlay. The major problem with metallurgical bonding is the high costs which is created by the limited number of suppliers due to the complex and demanding manufacturing process of metallurgical bonding the plates.
2.Mechanical bond (for CRA lined pipes) – Mechanical bonding the CRA pipe and the backing steel pipe by using spring back variation which can be achieved by means of Hydroforming or full-length pipe expander.
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